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Persian House
Since the history of men began, house was the most important need of mankind. We always look for a place to be safe.
Iranians felt that need too. But of course with a bit of extra decoration.
Iran has a dry and hot climate. So it is necessary to build the structures in a smart way to prevent from any errors. Persian house architecture is something beyond smart. It is marvelous!
Elements such as beauty, comfort, accurate calculation and decoration are done in the most perfect way. Let us tell you why Persian house is so incredible.
Manteghi Nezhad Historical House
Persian Architect
Persian architects acts like a lover. He loves what he builds and he dose it with the most attention to details.An important matter in Persian architecture is retrenchment. It is so important that it has its own style! The style is called “Godal Baghche” ( hole in Garden). In this architectural style, House is built below the surface of the street, so the say its dished or its like hole(Godal). The reason for this is:
1. The house should have access to Qanat, water pressure required for flowing will be provided.
2: The building was insulated from the heat of summer and winter cold.
3: The soil of the hole is used to provide materials.Adobes were becoming bricks at the same time of excavation in Brick Burner nearby. This means that time and expenses were saved and due to the self – similarity of the material with the soil of the adjacent fields, the building strength was also maintained. Abbāsi House in Kashan is built by this way.
Abbasi House
Persian House details
Astaneh: Atthe bottom of the frame, there is a small bump that defines the boundary between the outer and the inner space. At the time of rain, the same Astaneh was a barrier to not let the water entering the house. In various historical periods, Astane has a particular importance and place. For example, in a period of history no one had the right to set foot on the Astaneh.
Dargah: There is a small space in the entrance of Iranian houses that dominate the entrance. The sides of the portal are confined to the wall and the door is placed in it. The portal has an arch that is called Naal Dargah (Hollow Portal).
Dehliz: The distance between the door and the house, which is usually in the shape of the corridor, is called Dehliz. Depending on the size of the houses, dehlizes have different sizes, and there are usually a rare display of ornamentation.
Hashti: The Hashti or Karias is an enclosed space that is built between the street and the yard, and in some houses we enter the Hashti immediately after the doorway, and in some others we pass the Dehlis or corridor to reach it. In luxury houses the Hashti of the servants is separated from the other members of the house and the guests. In some houses the porch was a common room between a few neighbors, and they used it to talk at leisure.
This space is made to form a square, or a rectangle or an octagon. Whenever someone came home and was not allowed to enter the interior spaces, he waited for the landlord to remain calm, and the stranger and the passers by could not hear the guest talk. There were platforms in the Hashti to keep people from standing in it. For business owners who could not receive their customers at home, the Hashti was a very good place to seat.
Hashti was decorated with many embellishment and usually had a hole in the roof to provide light on the day. In the evenings a lamp or a mouse lamp lighted the room.
Yard:Inthe centre of old houses, there were a four ears yard that set the dimensions and shape of it according to different local conditions, such as climate and cultural factors. the terraces above and a pond and a few gardens were visible in the courtyard of most buildings. The local court was also included in the celebration, hosted by wedding guests, funerals and gatherings in the courtyard. There were several palaces for various purposes in some luxurious buildings.
Ivan: In the outer part of Persian houses, there are some parts which are usually located in a higher place than the surrounding area. The introduction of this element dates back to the Parthian Empire time. It has different forms throughout history, and sometimes it acts like a living room. Balconies(Ivan) are bounded on either side by the building, and on the other hand the terraces are open to the courtyard.
The splendor of the architecture on the porch is palpable, giving them new polish to the use of decorations. in addition to providing open space for residents of the house, this part of Persian buildings also prevents sun radiation and water droplets in rainfall. It is also known as the terrace of sleep and terrace, and is widely popular in eastern part of Iran.
Orosi: You mightall think of the stained glass of old houses by hearing the name Orosi, but the truth is that Orosi doesn’t necessarily have stained glass. Orosi is actually refers to the wooden shutters of a mesh usually used instead of searching for a round heels to open up the door. The Orosi has a special place in all old houses and has created beautiful effects. Color glasses add to beauty but are not necessary.
Bahar Khab: A space without roof, which is located in the yard and in the second floor, is called Bahar Khab (Spring Sleep). In warm and humid regions such as Shushtar or Dezful it is an inevitable choice. Mahtabi roof or Takht Boom are other names for it. In summer, they use of this space is to sleep. When the walls around it create a good shadow which creates a good place to gather around. Bahar Khab has been a place to sleep in the spring and summer nights.
Payab: The Payab was used in public spaces and houses, allowing for access to Qanat water. They followed the pattern of the Hashti, and at its center there is a pool that passes through the Qanat.
Due to the cooling of the downstream air during the summer, it was used as a glacier for a siesta.
Sardab: Whereverthe weather is warm and humid, the architects set a cellar underground to create a comfortable space. By considering the thickness of the wall and the work of materials such as brick , there is a thermal insulation that prevents air transport. Air flow action occurs through holes in the wall and ceiling. This is called Shevadan , which is actually the foundation of the upper parts of the building like the Shabistan. Shevadan is actually a deep underground that makes living in inconsistent climate conditions possible.
After the Safavid period, Shevadan entered Iranian architecture because of the low groundwater level and the people who took refuge in it to escape the heat.
Koubeh (knocker): In the old days, when there was no ring on them, they had knocker. The man who was going to enter the house announced his own sex knocker. The rings with a lower lip was peculiar to women and Knockers with a deep bass hammer belonged to men.
Hashti: The Hashti or Karias is an enclosed space that is built between the street and the yard, and in some houses we enter the Hashti immediately after the doorway, and in some others we pass the Dehlis or corridor to reach it. In luxury houses the Hashti of the servants is separated from the other members of the house and the guests. In some houses the porch was a common room between a few neighbors, and they used it to talk at leisure.
Koubeh
